The prime role of the program manager’s is to interact with each project manager to provide support and guidance on the individual projects as well as to convey the important relationship of each project to the bigger view. The program manager ensures that the program structure and program management processes enable the integrated projects teams to successfully complete their work. S/he ensures that project deliverables are integrated into the program’s end product, service, results, and/or benefits. The project manager also ensures the consistent execution of the projects within established standards.

In a management terms, a program is group of related projects. These projects are grouped to obtain benefits and control that is not available from managing them individually. Programs may include elements of related work outside of the scope of the discrete projects in the program. Programs are a means of achieving organizational goals and objectives. For example, different construction projects can be grouped for organizational benefits under one program. Programs are composed of projects that work in tandem to create a consolidated deliverable that aligns with the strategic vision of the organization.

Project Human Resource Management

The Project Human Resource Management knowledge area includes the following four processes to organize, manage, and lead the project team.

• Develop Human Resource Plan
• Acquire Project Team
• Develop Project Team
• Manage Project Team

This knowledge area directly deals with the project team, hence, is one of the important KA.

Project Quality Management

The Project Quality Management knowledge area ensures that the project deliverables meets the specified quality standard. The quality management system is implemented through policy and procedures with continuous process improvement activities whenever and wherever required. The Project Quality Management knowledge area includes the following three processes:

• Plan Quality
• Perform Quality Assurance
• Perform Quality Control

Project Cost Management

The Project Cost Management knowledge area includes the processes related to estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs. It ensureste that the procject can be completed withing the appoved budget. The Project Cost Management knowledge area includes the follwoing three processes:

• Estimate Costs
• Determine Budget
• Control Costs

Project Time Management

The Project Time Management knowledge area includes six processes that are required to manage timely completion of the project. The processes included in the Project Time Management knowledge area interact with each other and with the required processes in the other knowledge areas based on the needs of the project. The Project Time Management knowledge area includes the following six processes:

• Define Activities
• Sequence Activities
• Estimate Activity Resources
• Estimate Activity Durations
• Develop Schedule
• Control Schedule

Project Scope Management

The Project Scope Management knowledge area includes five processes that are required to complete the project successfully. The Project Scope Management knowledge area ensures that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required to complete the project. The Project Scope Management includes the following five processes:

• Collect Requirements
• Define Scope
• Create WBS
• Verify Scope
• Control Scope

Project Integration Management

The Project Integration Management knowledge area includes the processes and activities needed to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities within the Project Management Process Groups. It integrates processes crucial to project completion, successfully managing stakeholders’ expectations, and meeting requirements of the project. The Project Integration Management knowledge area includes the following six processes:

• Develop Project Charter
• Develop Project Management Plan
• Direct and Manage Project Execution
• Monitor and Control Project Work
• Perform Integrated Change Control
• Close Project or Phase

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According to the fourth edition of PMBOK, there are nine Project Management Knowledge Areas. The Project Management Knowledge Areas are groupings that bring together processes that have things in common. For example, Resource Planning, Cost Estimating, Cost Budgeting, etc., are part of the Project Cost Management knowledge group. These processes may or may not be part of different or same process groups. Guide to the PMBOK identifies forty-two processes that are arranged in nine knowledge areas. The knowledge areas are as follows:

• Project Integration Management
• Project Scope Management
• Project Time Management
• Project Cost Management
• Project Quality Management
• Project Human Resource Management
• Project Communications Management
• Project Risk Management
• Project Procurement Management

Close Procurements

The Close Procurements process is one of the two processes defined under the Closing process group. The Close Procurements process is the process of completing each project procurement.

Inputs

The Close Procurements process has the following two inputs:

• Project management plan
• Procurement documentation

Outputs

The Close Procurements process has the following two outputs:

• Closed procurements
• Organizational process assets updates

Close Project or Phase

The Close Project or Phase process is one of the two processes grouped under the Closing Process group. In the Close Project or Phase process all activities across all of the management process groups are finalized to formally complete the project or phase.

Inputs

The Close Project or Phase process has the following three inputs:

• Project management plan
• Accepted deliverables
• Organizational process assets

Outputs

The Close Project or Phase process has the following two outputs:

• Final product, service, or result transition
• Organizational process assets updates

Administer Procurements

The Administer Procurements process is the last process defined under the Monitoring and Controlling process group. The Administer Procurements process includes:

• Managing procurement relationships
• Monitoring contract performance
• Making changes and corrections as needed.

Inputs

There are the following six inputs in the Administer Procurements processes:

• Procurement documents
• Project management plan
• Contract
• Performance reports
• Approved change requests
• Work performance information

Outputs

There are the following four outputs in the Administer Procurements process:

• Procurement documentation
• Organizational process assets updates
• Change requests
• Project management plan updates

Monitor and Control Risks

The Monitor and Control Risks process is one of the ten processes defined under the Monitoring and Controlling process group. The Monitor and Control Risks process contains the following tasks throughout the project:

• Implementing risk response plans
• Tracking identified risks
• Monitoring residual risks
• Identifying new risks
• Evaluating risk process effectiveness

Inputs

The Monitor and Control Risks process has the following four inputs:

• Risk register
• Project management plan
• Work performance information
• Performance reports

Outputs

The Monitor and Control Risks process has the following five outputs:

• Risk register updates
• Organizational process assets updates
• Change requests
• Project Management plan
• Project document updates

Report Performance

The Report Performance process is one of the ten processes grouped under the Monitoring and Controlling Process group. During the Report Performance process performance information is collected and distributed among stakeholders. The information includes status reports, progress measurements, and forecasts.

Inputs

There are the following five inputs in the Report Performance process:

• Project management plan
• Work performance information
• Work performance measurements
• Budget forecasts
• Organizational process assets

Outputs

There are the following three outputs in the Report Performance process:

• Performance reports
• Organizational process assets updates
• Change requests